Kitchen design has changed over the years and what used to be a purely practical room has now become the social heart of the home, a place for entertaining and showing off a bit of architectural flair. As part of this change, vaulted ceilings, which create light filled spaces and offer the essential “wow factor” have become a popular feature.
Whilst vaulted ceilings can look stunning, kitchen environments are not necessarily the best place for them. Cooking, boiling kettles, washing dishes etc, introduce large amounts of moisture and when this moisture meets poor levels of insulation and inadequate ventilation, problems emerge.
Mould growth and damp patches are the first signs of problems. As remedial work is both expensive and disruptive, before opting for a vaulted kitchen ceiling as part of your kitchen design, it’s essential that you understand how they behave in the space and what needs to be done to make them work properly.
The main problem with vaulted kitchen ceilings? Condensation
The fundamental issue with vaulted ceilings is that they remove the traditional attic or loft space, which in a conventional house, acts as a buffer zone. When warm, moist air permeates through the ceiling, the insulation and into a cold loft, it’s ventilated away. The principle isn’t perfect, but it’s a fairly robust method of insulating a ceiling and managing moisture so it doesn’t cause damage.
Vaulted ceilings are complex structures and it’s much more difficult to insulate a vaulted ceiling than a normal loft. With vaulted ceilings, the ceiling plasterboard is fitted directly below the raking roof rafters. This removes the buffer, and when warm, moisture-laden air from the kitchen meets cold spots within the roof build-up, problems can occur.
This is especially true in winter, when the outside temperature drops. When warm moisture laden air from cooking hits any cold spots, the warm air rapidly cools and condensation is formed.
This tends to happen where insulation is poorly fitted such as at ridges and corners where structural members tend to break the insulation layers. Small gaps, create thermal bypass routes and allow warm air to reach cold zones, where it condenses unseen.
Over time, this moisture saturates the insulation, reducing its performance and damaging the timber structure. Water staining, damp patches and mould growth are the usual first signs, but by the time you see them, the damage is done.
Mould thrives where relative humidity is consistently high and particularly above 55% to 60%, and in a vaulted kitchen which might have inadequate kitchen ventilation, these conditions are easily created.
Extractor fans and why they matter more than you think
It may come as a surprise, that with vaulted kitchen ceilings, even the best kitchen extractor fans can contribute to condensation problems. In a standard kitchen, ducting usually runs horizontally through a wall or within the insulation of a loft space before exiting the building. In a vaulted ceiling, the duct often has to pass through the roof structure itself, replacing insulation and creating a number of risks.
If the ducting isn’t properly insulated and sealed, warm air travelling through it will cool and condensate when it passes through any cold spots. This condensation then drips back down the duct towards the extractor. Water leaking from the extractor, or staining around it is an indication that this is happening.
To avoid this problem, installers tend to avoid running ducting through the roof build up and position the extractor in a less effective place. Whilst this might seem like a good solution, inadequate ventilation will create additional problems.
Ideally, moist air should be captured and ventilated at source – in kitchens this is directly over the hob. If the extractor is offset, undersized or too far away, steam spreads into the space before it can be removed, rising into the vaulted ceiling.
The type of extractor matters just as much as its position. Recirculating hoods are often chosen because they avoid awkward duct runs, but they don’t remove any moisture. They simply filter grease and odours before pushing humid air back into the room.
In a vaulted kitchen, this makes condensation problems even worse. Downdraft extractors can work well, but only if the ducting below floor level is properly planned and installed. Unfortunately, this is often overlooked when building the substructures, making them impractical to install later.
Extractors also need to be powerful enough for the volume of space they’re serving. Vaulted kitchens are usually larger and taller than standard rooms, which means a higher extract rate is needed.
The duct diameter must also be sized to suit the extractor fan and large diameters are needed where large volumes of air need to be extracted. Ductings of at least 150mm diameter are typical, which are often too big to be installed within a vaulted ceiling.
Installing Insulation and ventilation systems properly
When it comes to vaulted ceilings, there are two main construction approaches, and both can work in kitchens if they’re detailed correctly.
The first is a sealed or unvented warm roof placed insulation above the rafters, keeping the roof structure warm and reducing the risk of condensation within it. This approach relies on meticulous installation of rigid insulation and an airtight vapour control layer on the warm side of the insulation. The vapour control layer is critical, as it prevents moisture laden indoor air from condensating within the insulation.
Warm roofs are technically robust, but less popular in domestic projects because of the increased roof build-up depth. Adding insulation above rafters also leads to deeper fascias and clumsy roof proportions.
The more common approach is the vented cold roof where insulation is installed between and below the rafters, with a continuous ventilation gap above it. This gap, typically around 50mm deep, allows cold air to flow from the ventilated eaves up to a continuously vented ridge. This carries away any moisture and prevents condensation from accumulating. Breathable roofing underlays are often used in conjunction with this system to improve ventilation and overcome any obstructions in the ventilated void.
Whichever system is used, a detailed condensation risk analysis should be carried out. This assesses the insulation thickness and position of the vapour control layer to check that interstitial condensation won’t occur.
Fixing problems in existing vaulted kitchens
Not all vaulted kitchens are built correctly, and issues are only discovered once ceiling mould starts to grow or damp becomes visible. The first step in resolving the problem is managing the humidity, but even with a good extractor, additional moisture management may be needed during winter months when windows are closed and ventilation rates reduce. A dehumidifier can help keep humidity at safe levels, however, this should only be seen as a short term fix.
Professional diagnosis is essential, such as a building survey or energy efficiency audit that includes appropriate testing equipment. Thermal imaging highlights cold spots and insulation gaps, whilst a blower door test will pressurise the house to reveal air leakage points. Together, they provide a detailed assessment of how moisture is behaving, and where remedial work is needed.
Kitchens with vaulted ceilings can work brilliantly but they demand more thought than standard ceilings and lofts, in order to provide the insulation and vapour controls needed to manage moisture and avoid problems.
When things go wrong, it’s rarely because vaulted ceilings are inappropriate for kitchens. It’s because the risks weren’t fully understood or addressed at the design and construction stage.
For more upwards inspiration, check out some more ceiling ideas for your home, and if a vaulted ceiling is still on the cards, take a look at these oak frame kitchen extension ideas which are the perfect place to put your ideas into action.
View the original article and our Inspiration here
Leave a Reply