A record-breaking Passivhaus school could change building design

The design phase should begin with preliminary energy modelling, using software to simulate building performance in terms of energy efficiency, thermal comfort and air quality. Key passive design strategies, such as orientation, thermal mass, insulation levels and shading, should be incorporated to enhance energy performance. High-performance, triple-glazed windows and airtight, thermal bridge-free door systems are selected, and a ventilation system with heat recovery is designed to ensure optimal indoor air quality while minimising energy consumption.